The Evilness in Politics

Political parties have as their primary goal the consequent of power or a share in its exercise. They try to win seats at elections, and to take control of the government. Pressure gatherings, on the contrary, do non seek to win power themselves or to participate in the exercise of power. They endeavor, instead, to work an influence on those who deal power, to induce "pressure" upon them.

Pressure groups do not participate immediately in the acquisition of power or in its exercise. They symbolise to influence power while remaining apart from it; they exert "pressure" on it. They seek to influence the people who wield power, not to place their own people in power, at least not officially (Duverger 101).

An interest group is an go-between between citizens and government and it is the task of the organization to convert what it perceives to be the desires of its constituents into specific policies and goals. A public interest group is unitary that seeks a collective acceptable, the achievement of which will not selectively and materially benefit the membership or activists of the organization. "Collective good" refers to any public policy whose benefits may be shared out equally by all independent of their membership or support of a given group (Berry 5-8).

Groups can and do promote the economic or self-interest of their members; the primary bill made between public interest groups and

Navarro, Peter. The Policy Game: How Special Interests and Ideologues Are stealth America. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

As an example of the role of additional interest groups in the United States budget process, the Department of the midland and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1987 will be examined. Until 1971 all appropriations committee hearings were held in closed session. No longer the case, subcommittees and committees usually invite affirmation from government officials, extraneous experts or scholars and special interest groups. different interested citizens at their own request may be given the opportunity to establish or submit a statement for the record. Most witnesses offer prepared statements after which they may be questioned by subcommittee members.

Group strategies may be " at bottom" focusing on members or staff of the political body, "outside" focusing on grassroots opinion and pressure, or a combination of the two, depending on circumstances and timing. In addition, a group may use different tactics to handle the foretoken of Representatives and the Senate, because of the varying and unique political and institutional characteristics of the two legislative chambers (Ornstein and Elder 82).

Not all interest groups were keen with the final outcome. Some will "retaliate" at a later date, probably during their incumbent's next election. Others may have current some of their budget allocation request and will testify again next year.

Hearings on legislation may action a variety of purposes: to obtain information on the survey under consideration, to test public opinion, to build support for the bill, or even to delay action on it. Sometimes hearings dish up primarily as a safety valve for the release of citizen or group frustrations.

Interest group activity in coition, much and more, has become a mutually supportive arrangement. Groups turn to Congress as an institution where they can be heard, establish their positions, and a
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